Objectives: Negative associations between non-employment and health among older people are well established and are potentially important for successful ageing. However, opportunities to improve health through re-employment or extending working lives are limited as later-life exits from employment are often unwanted and permanent. We aim to establish a greater understanding of the psychosocial mechanisms underlying non-employment and health associations in older people to identify modifiable pathways through which the negative impact of non-employment can be ameliorated.ududMethods: Using multilevel analysis of four waves of repeated panel data from a representative sample of 1551 older men and women reaching state retirement age in the West of Scotland from 1987/1988 to 2000/2004, we explored respondents' strength of agreement with 20 statements relating to their self-defined employment status, covering themes of functioning, social engagement, self-esteem, mental engagement, stress, and control and autonomy.ududResults: Compared with those in employment, respondents who were retired, unemployed, sick/disabled and home makers were more likely to agree that this resulted in poor social engagement, low self-esteem and, with the possible exception of retirees, reduced mental engagement. Associations were particularly marked among unemployed and sick/disabled respondents who also agreed that their status was a source of worry and prevented them from feeling in control.ududConclusion: Older people who are not in employment are at higher risk of poor physical and mental health. Interventions targeting psychosocial mechanisms such as social and mental engagement and self-esteem offer potentially valuable opportunities to improve health outcomes and promote successful ageing.
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机译:目标:老年人中失业与健康之间的负相关关系已经建立,并且对于成功老龄化可能具有重要意义。但是,通过再就业或延长工作寿命来改善健康的机会是有限的,因为从工作中退休后的生活往往是不希望的和永久的。我们旨在对老年人的非就业和健康协会背后的社会心理机制有更深入的了解,以找出可改善的途径,通过这些途径,可以改善非就业的负面影响。 ud ud方法:使用四次调查的多层次分析从1987/1988年至2000/2004年在苏格兰西部1551个达到州退休年龄的老年男性的代表性样本的重复面板数据中,我们用20条关于其自定义就业状况的陈述来探讨受访者的认同感,结果:与就业相比,退休,待业,患病/残障和家庭主妇的受访者与就业者相比,更有可能从事与工作,社会参与,自尊,心理参与,压力以及控制和自治有关的主题。同意这会导致不良的社会参与,自尊心低下,并且除退休人员外,还会减少精神参与。协会在失业和患病/残障的受访者中尤为明显,他们也认为自己的状况令人担忧,使他们无法控制自己的情绪。 ud ud结论:未就业的老年人身体和身体状况较差的风险较高。精神健康。针对社会,精神参与和自尊之类的社会心理机制的干预措施为改善健康状况和促进成功的老龄化提供了潜在的宝贵机会。
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