This paper reviews several novel and older methods for coupling mesh-free particle methods, particularlythe element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), with finite elements (FEs). We study master–slave couplings where particles are fixed across the FE boundary,coupling via interface shape functions such that consistency conditions are satisfied, bridging domaincoupling, compatibility coupling with Lagrange multipliers and hybrid coupling methods where forcesfrom the particles are applied via their shape functions on the FE nodes and vice versa. The hybridcoupling methods are well suited for large deformations and adaptivity and the coupling procedure isindependent of the particle distance and nodal arrangement. We will study the methods for several staticand dynamic applications, compare the results to analytical and experimental data and show advantagesand drawbacks of the methods.
展开▼
