In the simplified pseudo-static analysis of piles, the ultimate lateral pressure from the liquefiedsoil is commonly approximated based on the residual strength of liquefied soils. This strengthdoes not have sound theoretical basis, but rather is estimated from one of several empiricalrelationships between the residual strength and penetration resistance. The two empiricalrelationships adopted in this study, even though originating from the same database, result insubstantially different strength profiles (ultimate lateral pressures on the pile) throughout thedepth of the liquefied layer. Series of analyses were conducted to investigate the effects ofstrength normalisation on the pile response predicted by the pseudo-static analysis. It wasfound that effects of strength normalisation can be quite significant and that they depend on therelative stiffness of the pile and thickness of a non-liquefiable crust at the ground surface.
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