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Integrators’ Air Network A review of the Domestic Express European Market

机译：集成商的空中网络回顾欧洲国内快车市场

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The express industry witnessed dramatic growth during the 1990’s with aneconomic environment changing toward globalisation. Integrators’ internationalexpansion has been supported by extensive transportation networks applyingthe model developed by FedEx: the hub and spoke model.This report investigates integrators’ air network configurations within a specificgeographical area: the intra-European market. The research has been focusedon the big four integrators, DHL, FedEx, TNT and UPS and provides ananalysis on their strategy. Before presenting integrators, a review of thedifferent network models presents the major role played by the Hub and Spokenetwork in the express freight industry. This model is one of the strategicfoundations of the integrators’ success.Afterwards, the paper deals with three objectives. It first identifies the hub andspoke network configurations selected by integrators in Europe. Then, workuncovers the drivers behind network configuration. Finally, the key factorsinfluencing the European Hub location are discussed through the case of theDHL move to Leipzig. This paper provides a location analysis and comparesBrussels to Leipzig in term of distance to the core market.This paper brings several conclusions. First of all, there is a strategic area tolocate a central hub in Europe, between Amsterdam Liege & Paris. Moreoverseveral factors influence central hub selection as followed: market proximity,Airport capacity1, environmental restrictions2, operational cost and capacity ofdriving traffic are the key factors. Secondly, two hub and spoke configurationsare used by integrators in Europe, the single hub and spoke network withpickup stopovers and feeders and the multi-hub and spoke configuration.Finally, network configuration relies particularly on the size of business and thetransport strategy elected.1This term includes slots restrictions, runway capacity, and possibility of building logisticfacilities.2Includes night curfews and environmental concerns of the local community

机译：在1990年代，随着经济环境向全球化的转变，快递业取得了巨大的发展。集成商的国际扩张得到了广泛的运输网络的支持，该运输网络采用了FedEx开发的模型：枢纽和辐条模型。本报告调查了特定地理区域内集成商的空中网络配置：欧洲内部市场。研究主要集中在DHL，FedEx，TNT和UPS这四大集成商，并对它们的策略进行了分析。在介绍集成商之前，先回顾一下不同的网络模型，然后介绍集线器和分支网络在快递货运行业中的主要作用。该模型是集成商成功的战略基础之一。随后，本文讨论了三个目标。它首先确定欧洲集成商选择的集线器和分支网络配置。然后，工作发现网络配置背后的驱动程序。最后，通过DHL迁往莱比锡的案例讨论了影响欧洲枢纽位置的关键因素。本文提供了位置分析，并在距离核心市场的距离方面比较了布鲁塞尔和莱比锡。本文得出了一些结论。首先，在阿姆斯特丹列日和巴黎之间有一个战略区域来定位欧洲的中心枢纽。此外，以下几个因素会影响中央枢纽的选择：市场距离，机场容量1，环境限制2，运营成本和行车能力是关键因素。其次，欧洲的集成商使用两种集线器和分支结构，即带有集线器和馈线的单一集线器和分支网络，以及多集线器和分支结构。最后，网络配置尤其取决于业务规模和选择的传输策略。1包括机位限制，跑道容量和建立后勤设施的可能性。2包括宵禁和当地社区对环境的关注

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Lafaye Alexandre;
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机译：点评：历史的研究：一个书目指南，历史的英语理念从柯勒律治到科林伍德，英国当地历史，亚瑟和他的英语变脸：亚瑟王传说中中世纪英国生活和文学，在英国文艺复兴时期颁布性别舞台上，莎士比亚的女性结局，写英文共和国：诗歌，修辞学和政治学1627年至1660年，对旧的新故事：在小说中，天主教和反天主教在早期现代英语文本，长子继承权和继承权在英国圣经模式：综述文学中的历史和代表，通过对小说恢复的英语内战：一个注释的参考书目，戴安娜，自我利益和英国国家身份，古人与现代人之间的古典罗马的痕迹和古典罗马：巴洛克文化在恢复英格兰，浪漫英格兰的Bacchus：1780-1830，厌恶经济学的作家和饮料：十八世纪的文学业务ritain，伪造的房子在十八世纪的英国，穿着我们的衣服，牛津伴侣的浪漫时代：英国文化，1776 - 1832，国内空间：阅读十九世纪的内部，维多利亚人理论上：从德里达到布朗，美德的年龄：英国文化从恢复到浪漫主义，悲惨的痛苦：维多利亚州的残疾和感情，妇女作家第一次世界大战：一个注释的书目，文学中的酒吧，英国工业小说，人类的缘故想要：市场苏格里希第德森市场的经济和美学。 C.，历史的研究：一个书目指南，第二版，曼彻斯特大学出版社，2000，第十四+ 140，£40.00.ParkerChristopher，历史的英语从理念到柯勒律治科林伍德，Ashgate出版社，2000，页。 VII + 244，£45.Richardsonr。 C.（ed。），英语当地历史的变化面孔，ashgate，2000，pp。viii + 218，£45.00.00.00.Parronw。 RJ（编辑），亚瑟和他的英文：亚瑟王传说中中世纪英国生活和文学，威尔士出版社，1999年大学，第398，£35.00.ComensoliViviana和RussellAnne（EDS），英国文艺复兴舞台上颁布性别，伊利诺伊大学出版社，1999，第270页，18.95英镑; SaunderseVe Rachel，在早期现代英格兰舞台上的雷切尔，性别和识字，剑桥大学出版社，1999，PP。260，£35.BerringPhilippa，莎士比亚的女性化的遗址，Routledge，1999，PP。197，£15.99 PB。 Bellilona，伊丽莎白裔女性和甲师诗歌，剑桥大学出版社，1998，PP。262，£35.00.norbrookdavid，写英国共和国：诗歌，修辞和政治1627-1660，剑桥大学出版社，1999，PP。XIII + 509 ，£40.FischHarold，对于旧的新故事：在小说，Macmillan出版社，1998年，第圣经模式X + 236，£42.50; Fischharold，Shakespeare，Milton和Blake的圣经存在，1999年，PP。Xi + 330，£45.marottiarthur F.（Ed。），天主教和早期现代英语文本，Macmillan，1999，PP的天主教和反天主教。XVII + 266，£47.50; Shellalison，天主教，争议和英国文学想象，1558-1660，剑桥大学出版社，1999，PP。XI + 309，£37.50.Jamoussizouheir，Punigoghts和Envland在英国：他们在文学中的历史和代表调查，中心出版大学，突尼斯，1999，PP。293,8 DT.Murphorn Xane C.，英语内战通过虚构的恢复：一个注释书目，格林伍德出版社，韦斯特波特，CT，CT。，2000，PP。VIII + 349，£63.95 .HammondPaul，德莱顿和古典罗马，克拉伦登出版社，牛津，1999年的痕迹，第305，£45.00.LevineJoseph M.，古人和现代人之间：巴洛克文化恢复英格兰，耶鲁大学出版社，1999，页。 XIV + 279，£27.50.50.50.5.50.Tayloranya，浪漫英格兰的Bacchus：作家和饮料，1780-1830，Macmillan，1999，PP。Xi + 264，£47.50.Mandelllaura，罕有内容：十八世纪英国的文学业务，肯塔基州大学，1999，PP。X + 228，$ 42.00.Bainespaul，在十八世纪的英国伪造之家，阿什捷，1999年，PP。第八次+ 195，£47.50.50.50.50.Munnsjessica和Richardspenny（EDS），穿着我们，纽瓦克，特拉华大学出版社，1999，PP。362，£ 37.McCalmanIain（编辑），牛津伴侣对浪漫的年龄：英国文化，1776年至1832年，牛津大学出版社，1999，页。 XII + 780，£85.Brydeninga和Floydjanet（EDS），国内空间：阅读十九世纪内部，曼彻斯特大学出版社，1999，PP。XII + 219，£40.00; KiddAlan和NichollsDavid（EDS），性别，公民文化和消费：在英国，1800年至1940年中产阶层的身份，曼彻斯特大学出版社，1999年，第十四+ 223，£46.00，PB。 14.99英镑的理论上，从Derrida到Browning，曼彻斯特大学出版社，1999年，PP。X + 180，£40.Moreedavid，富于浪漫主义，2000，2000，PP。八+ 330，£45.Klesmary，悲惨的痛苦：宾夕法尼亚大学的维多利亚州美国的残疾和感情，1999年，第211次，第一次第一次世界大战的妇女作家：一名注册参考书目，rutledge，2000，pp。230，75英镑; TyleeClaire与Turnerelaine和Cardinalagnes（EDS），战争扮演妇女：国际选集，Routledge，2000，PP。225，£16.99 PB.Taylorjohn A.，戴安娜，自身利益和英国国家身份，Praeger，2000，PP 。169，£44.95.EARNShawsteven，文学中的酒吧，曼彻斯特大学出版社，2000，PP。X + 294，£45和15.99英镑PB.Klaush。古斯塔夫和骑士。（EDS），英国工业小说，威尔士大学出版社，2000，PP。VIII + 212，£14.99 PB。 Balchjack S.，伊利诺伊大学高中中午的灯，2000年，PP。XL + 404，$ 19.45 PB。康罗伊士队，伊利诺伊大学的世界胜利，2000年，PP。XXXV + 348，17.95磅PB.Gagnierregenia，人类想要的缘故：市场学会的经济学和美学，芝加哥大学出版社，2000，PP。352，£ 10.50 PB。

Integrators’ Air Network A review of the Domestic Express European Market

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