Advanced control of doubly-fed induction generator based variable speed wind turbine

摘要

This thesis deals with the modeling, control and analysis of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) based wind turbines (DFIG-WT). The DFIG-WT is one of the mostly employed wind power generation systems (WPGS), due to its merits including variable speed operation for achieving the maximum power conversion, smaller capacity requirement for power electronic devices, and full controllability of active and reactive powers of the DFIG. The dynamic modeling of DFIG-WT has been carried out at first in Chapter 2, with the conventional vector control (VC) strategies for both rotor-side and grid-side converters. The vector control strategy works in a synchronous reference frame, aligned with the stator-flux vector, became very popular for control of the DFIG. Although the conventional VC strategy is simple and reliable, it is not capable of providing a satisfactory transient response for DFIG-WT under grid faults. As the VC is usually designed and optimized based on one operation point, thus the overall energy conversion efficiency cannot be maintained at the optimal point when the WPGS operation point moves away from that designed point due to the time-varying wind power inputs. Compared with VC methods which are designed based on linear model obtained from one operation point, nonlinear control methods can provide consistent optimal performance across the operation envelope rather than at one operation point. To improve the asymptotical regulation provided by the VC, which can't provide satisfactory performance under voltage sags caused by grid faults or load disturbance of the grid, input-output feedback linearization control (IOFLC) has been applied to develop a fully decoupled controller of the active $&$ reactive powers of the DFIG in Chapter 3. Furthermore, a cascade control strategy is proposed for power regulation of DFIG-WT, which can provide better performance against the varying operation points and grid disturbance. Moreover, to improve the overall energy conversion efficiency of the DFIG-WT, FLC-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been investigated. The main objective of the FLC-based MPPT in Chapter 4 is to design a global optimal controller to deal with the time-varying operation points and nonlinear characteristic of the DFIG-WT. Modal analysis and simulation studies have been used to verify the effectiveness of the FLC-based MPPT, compared with the VC. The system mode trajectory, including the internal zero-dynamic of the FLC-MPPT are carefully examined in the face of varied operation ranges and parameter uncertainties. In a realistic DFIG-WT, the parameter variability, the uncertain and time-varying wind power inputs are existed. To enhance the robustness of the controller, a nonlinear adaptive controller (NAC) via state and perturbation observer for feedback linearizable nonlinear systems is applied for MPPT control of DFIG-WT in Chapter 5. In the design of the controller, a perturbation term is defined to describe the combined effect of the system nonlinearities and uncertainties, and represented by introducing a fictitious state in the state equations. As follows, a state and perturbation observer is designed to estimate the system states and perturbation, leading to an adaptive output-feedback linearizing controller which uses the estimated perturbation to cancel system perturbations and the estimated states to implement a linear output feedback control law for the equivalent linear system. Case studies including with and without wind speed measurement are carried out and proved that the proposed NAC for MPPT of DFIG-WT can provide better robustness performance against the parameter uncertainties. Simulation studies for demonstrating the performance of the proposed control methods in each chapter, are carried out based on MATLAB/SIMULINK.