DE LA SIMULATION DE LISA A L'ANALYSE DES DONNEES. Détection d'ondes gravitationnelles par interférométrie spatiale (LISA : Laser Interferometer Space Antenna)

摘要

Gravitational waves are emitted from a variety of astrophysical and cosmological sources. Study of low frequency waves, emitted for example by coalescing massive black holes, by EMRIs or by the galactic or stochastic background, requires a space based detector. The LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) project is based on 3 satellites, separated by 5 million kilometers, which exchange laser beams, forming several interferometers. An understanding of this complex project requires the development of simulation softwares such as LISACode (this thesis). It is a new scientific simulator for LISA. Its ambition is to achieve a degree of sophistication allowing to map, as closely as possible, the impact of the different sub-systems on the measurements. This is achieved by introducing, in a realistic manner, most of the ingredients that will influence LISA's sensitivity as well as the application of TDI combinations. This code allows to study different configurations of LISA thus testing different technological key points and performing scientific studies on gravitational waves. It is also an efficient tool for generating time series for data analysis developments. Therefore the second point is the development of a method of analysis based on the study of amplitude modulation of gravitational signal which is due to the LISA motion. This method gives access to the source position. In order to apply this method, specific methods for extracting signal have been developed. This analysis method was tested on monochromatic waves and on waves emitted by binary systems. Present results are promising and the method should be expanded further.