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FPGA Implementation and Evaluation of a Genetic Algorithm for Digital Adaptive Nulling using Space-Time Adaptive Processing.

机译:使用空时自适应处理的数字自适应零位遗传算法的FPGA实现和评估。

摘要

By using multiple antennas it is possible to do beam forming of signal reception. Each antenna signal is scaled and delayed before they are added together. By scaling and delaying the signals from various antennas differently, the reception beam form is changed. This scaling and delaying can be done by multiplying each antenna signal with a complex number, this complex number is called a weight in this thesis.Adaptive nulling means dynamically changing the weights to avoid signal reception from undesired directions based on the received signal. When receiving GPS signals, the desired signals power level is usually lower than the noise floor. If one assumes that there are enough GPS satellites, one can improve the SNR by finding power minimizing weights. This is equivalent to trying to remove all signal reception from directions of powerful signals. The optimal Wiener solution can be found by the direct matrix inversion, DMI, method. The DMI method is complex and large parts of the method can not be done in parallel. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether an FPGA implementation of the genetic algorithm, an iterative random search algorithm, realistically can replace the DMI method. The target FPGA in this thesis is Xilinx Virtex 6 XC6VLX195T.A MATLAB model of the genetic algorithm is developed. This model together with some assumptions is used to find reasonable parameters for the genetic algorithm. The resulting algorithm is implemented in VHDL. The VHDL implementation is partially tested, synthesised and run through place and route. The genetic algorithm module is supposed to be part of a bigger FPGA design. The amount of inputs and outputs in the genetic algorithm module makes it impossible to route the design by itself on the target FPGA. The design is wrapped to solve this problem. The maximum clock frequency of the wrapped design is 180 MHz after place and route.It turns out that the weights found by the genetic algorithm is far from the optimal Wiener solution, which is the theoretically best weights that can be found. It does not seem likely that the genetic algorithm can compete with the DMI algorithm in this real time scenario. The achieved performance of the genetic algorithm is a received power reduction of around 20 dB. When using the DMI method the power reduction is 50-60 dB. Although it has been shown that the performance tests of both the genetic algorithm and the DMI method were not ideal, there is a major performance difference. The genetic algorithm finds new weights faster than the DMI method. However the gap between the two methods in quality of the weights is presumed too large to be closed.
机译:通过使用多个天线,可以进行信号接收的波束成形。在将每个天线信号加在一起之前,先对其进行缩放和延迟。通过不同地缩放和延迟来自各个天线的信号,可以改变接收波束的形式。这种缩放和延迟可以通过将每个天线信号与一个复数相乘来完成,该复数在本文中称为权重。自适应调零意味着动态更改权重,以避免基于接收到的信号从不希望的方向接收信号。接收GPS信号时,所需信号的功率水平通常低于本底噪声。如果假设有足够的GPS卫星,则可以通过找到权重最小的功率来提高SNR。这等效于尝试从强信号的方向删除所有信号接收。最佳的维纳解决方案可以通过直接矩阵求逆DMI方法找到。 DMI方法很复杂,并且该方法的大部分无法并行完成。本文的目的是确定遗传算法(一种迭代随机搜索算法)的FPGA实现是否可以实际替代DMI方法。本文的目标FPGA是Xilinx Virtex 6 XC6VLX195T。建立了遗传算法的MATLAB模型。该模型与一些假设一起用于找到遗传算法的合理参数。生成的算法在VHDL中实现。对VHDL实施进行了部分测试,综合,并通过布局和路线运行。遗传算法模块应该是更大的FPGA设计的一部分。遗传算法模块中的输入和输出量使得无法在目标FPGA上自行路由设计。包装设计以解决此问题。包裹设计的最大时钟频率是在布局和布线后为180 MHz,结果证明遗传算法找到的权重与最佳Wiener解决方案相去甚远,这是理论上可以找到的最佳权重。在这种实时情况下,遗传算法似乎不可能与DMI算法竞争。遗传算法的性能达到了约20 dB的接收功率降低。使用DMI方法时,功率降低为50-60 dB。尽管已经证明遗传算法和DMI方法的性能测试都不理想,但是在性能上却存在很大差异。遗传算法比DMI方法更快地找到新的权重。但是,两种方法之间在权重质量上的差距被认为太大而无法弥补。

著录项

  • 作者

    By Mathias;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2015
  • 总页数
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 入库时间 2022-08-20 20:14:37

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