Tverrfaglig innfallsvinkel til verneprognoser og vernestrategi for maritime kulturminner knyttet til anløpsplasser og leder fra jernalder og middelalder

摘要

When the maritime cultural heritage is being protected, little emphasis is placed on problems concerning erosion and destructionof remains at landing places and navigable channels on the Norwegian coast. In recent years, an extensive survey has been carriedout along the coast of the county of Rogaland and many new cultural monuments and sites related to landing places and navigablechannels have been found, many of them dating from the Iron Age and the Middle Ages. A new method has been developedto evaluate the quality of different landing places and navigable channels in combination with climate variables such as wind,topography and fetch - the fetch method. This method has been tested at several places in northern Rogaland, in the outer partof Boknafjord and in Karmsund (a strait), and the results are promising. In a convincing way, the method explains why culturalmonuments and sites along the coast are rare in some areas, but numerous in others. The method can also be used to predict wherenew finds of maritime cultural monuments and sites can be expected. This is especially important because such features are difficultto recognise and can be mistaken for natural formations. The results indicate that there is cause for anxiety about the protectionof landing places and navigable channels because they are vulnerable to destruction by anthropogenic climate changes. The seais rising due to increased temperature on a global scale. The choice of protection strategies for maritime cultural monumentsand sites and associated sediments on land and in the sea depends upon how much the sea will rise in the future, which will varyfrom area to area, least in southwest Norway and most further north and south. The choice of protection strategies will also varydepending on whether the cultural monuments and sites and the associated sediments are on land or in the sea. Notwithstanding,the coming years will see a change in the coastal environment. The rising sea level will inundate many sites and expose them toerosion and destruction, especially in the period when they are in the beach zone. Some will be in deeper water, which in some caseswill give better protection, whereas others will suffer erosion and destruction, partly due to changing currents. If the predicted risein sea level in the coming 50 years is realised, the problems concerning the protection of cultural monuments and sites along thecoast, both on land and in the sea, will be critical and the Directorate for Cultural Heritage (RA) ought to base their protection onprognoses with a longer time perspective than today.