Extractive industries can provide great opportunities for post-conflict peacebuilding in resourcerichcountries by providing revenue to finance reconstruction and set the economy back on track.However, the process of resource extraction often poses challenges for peacebuilding. This articlefirst explains the various challenges that valuable natural resources can pose in post-conflictcountries, and establishes a typology of post-conflict contexts where extractive industries, the hostcountry, and the international community can play primary roles as peace promoters. It then elaborateson the specific roles each of these actors can play: i) what approaches are available forresponsible companies that aim to be peace sensitive and even promote peace and developmentlocally and nationally; ii) how a country that has some capacity and political will to secure longterm peace and development can promote responsible exploitation; and iii) how international actorscan promote responsible company and government behaviour in countries with low capacityand willingness use the natural resource base for the best of its whole population.
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