Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety: A Review of Key Program and Countermeasure Developments during the 1980's.

摘要

According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, approximately 6,500 pedestrians and 850 bicyclists are killed in motor vehicle crashes each year. Over 110,000 pedestrians and 75,000 bicyclists are injured. These non-occupant crash victims typically comprise 16 percent of motor vehicle fatalities overall, and up to half of motor vehicle fatalities in some urban areas. The report was prepared to review key countermeasure developments and program activities impacting on pedestrian and bicyclist safety over the past decade. Key national level policies and trends pertaining to pedestrians and bicyclists are highlighted to set the stage for the review. The remainder of the report is organized according to educational, engineering, and enforcement/regulatory program areas, and within each, national, state and local activities. Pedestrian safety activity has been led by the Federal Government and has concentrated on the development of comprehensive program guides and support materials, with some continued funding for facility design and engineering countermeasure development and evaluation. There have also been recent efforts to work with local law enforcement agencies and to incorporate pedestrian safety into community traffic safety programs. Bicycle countermeasure development and program activities have followed a very different path, led by national, non-government organizations such as the Bicycle Federation of America, the National Safe Kids Campaign, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and others.