High Magnetic Field Science and Its Application in the United States: Current Status and Future Directions.

摘要

The Committee to Assess the Current Status and Future Direction of High Magnetic Field Science in the United States was convened by the National Research Council in response to a request by the National Science Foundation. The committee was charged with answering three questions: 1. What is the current state of high-field magnet science, engineering, and technology in the United States, and are there any conspicuous needs to be addressed; 2. What are the current science drivers, and which scientific opportunities and challenges can be anticipated over the next 10 years, and 3. What are the principal existing and planned high magnetic field facilities outside of the United States, what roles have U.S. high-field magnet development efforts played in developing those facilities, and what potentials exist for further international collaboration in this area. A magnetic field is produced by an electrical current in a metal coil. This current exerts an expansive force on the coil, and a magnetic field is high if it challenges the strength and current-carrying capacity of the materials that create the field. Although lower magnetic fields can be achieved using commercially available magnets, research in the highest achievable fields has been, and will continue to be, most often performed in large research centers that possess the materials and systems know-how for forefront research.