Former USSR Agriculture and Trade Report: Situation and Outlook Series, May 1992.

摘要

In 1991 real GNP, industrial production, and agricultural output in the former Union all dropped between 7 and 17 percent. Even more serious, though, was the breakdown in the country's distribution system. Contributing factors were the termination of the All-Union central supply system that accompanied the Union's political demise, and chronic weaknesses in the country's physical infrastructure. A third reason was the collapse in the ruble's power as effective money as a result of destabilizing price, wage, fiscal, and monetary policies pursued both before and after the coup. With output continuing to drop and the former planned, command system largely discredited, almost all the newly independent States began 1992 committed to some form of decentralizing economic reform. Russia has taken the lead, with an ambitious program intended to create a system much closer to market capitalism than socialism.