Chemical Oil Spill Dispersants: Update State-of-the-Art on Mechanisms of Action and Factors Influencing Performance with Emphasis on Laboratory Studies.

摘要

The purpose of the report is to provide an updated review of information from the available literature for the mechanism of action of chemical dispersants, variables that affect dispersant performance, evaluation of a variety of laboratory tests designed to assess the performance of dispersant agents, and a brief consideration of relationships between laboratory methods and field situations. Differences among tests are particularly important because they may be responsible for not only significant differences in results between laboratory testing methods but also poor correlations between laboratory results and data from field tests. Four general types of laboratory testing methods are considered: (1) tank tests, (2) shake/flask tests, (3) interfacial surface tension tests, and (4) flume tests.