Toxicity of 2, 5-Dichloro-4-Nitrosalicylanilide (BAYER) to Three Genera of Larval Lampreys: Effect of PH on the Toxicity of TFM to Sea Lamprey Larvae and Nontarget Species during a Stream Treatment: Effect of the Lampricide 3-Trifluoromethyl-rNitrophenol

摘要

The chemical 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) has been used to kill larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in tributaries of the Great Lakes since 1958 (Applegate et al. 1961). A formulation of the ethanolamine salt of 2, 5- dichloro-4-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) was developed as a synergist to reduce the amount of the more expensive TFM needed during a stream treatment to control larval sea lampreys (Howell et al. 1964). Bayer 73 coated on sand granules (granular Bayer 73) was evaluated as a bottom-release toxicant and is regularly used for assessment of larval sea lamprey populations in lentic environments (Manion 1969). During the 1980s, granular Bayer 73 was used to kill sea lampreys in a large lentic area of Seneca Lake (Ho and Gloss 1987). Similar treatments with granular Bayer 73 are proposed for waters of Lake Champlain in New York where lampreys other than sea lampreys are likely to be exposed. Therefore, the toxicity of Bayer 73 to various genera of lampreys needs to be evaluated.