Irrigation-Induced Salinity: A Growing Problem for Development and the Environment

摘要

Irrigation has contributed significantly to the growth in agricultural production in many developing countries during the last century. However, irrigation-induced salinity is an increasing problem in several of these countries, threatening the productivity of agricultural lands. FAO (1990) reports that about 20 to 30 million hectares are severely affected by salinity and an additional 60 to 80 million hectares are affected to some extent. In some regions, the impact of salinity is felt across international borders. The report reviews the extent of the problem in various countries and examines the technical, economic, social, and institutional factors contributing to the onset of irrigation-induced salinity. It subsequently reviews the array of strategies that can be pursued to amelriorate the problem. The report finds that poor water management (e.g. over-application by farmers, excessive seepage throughout the irrigation system, absence of or inadequacy of drainage infrastructures) is the primary cause of irrigation-induced salinity. (Copyright (c) 1993 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.)