Acrolein Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review

摘要

Biochemical and toxic effects of acrolein are caused by its reaction with sulfhydryl compounds to form a stable thiol ether. Acrolein metabolites under certain conditions are reportedly mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic. Acrolein degrades quickly in soils and in plant tissues; in water the half-time persistence is usually less than 50 h and in the atmosphere, less than 3 h. Proposed acrolein criteria for the protection of various resources include less than 15,000 micro g/L in irrigation water of agricultural crops, less than 68 micro g/L for aquatic fauna in acute exposures and less than 21 micro g/L in chronic exposures, and less than 44 micro g/L (less than 0.1 mg/cubic m) in air for rats. No acrolein criteria are now available for the protection of avian and terrestrial wildlife. Acrolein criteria for the protection of human health include less than 320 micro g/L in drinking water, less than 110 micro g/L in air (less than 0.25 cubic m), and less than 0.68 micro g/kg BW daily intake from all sources. More research is needed on acrolein and its metabolites.