Cryptosporidium: The Milwaukee Experience and Relevant Research

摘要

The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) was mandated on June 29, 1989 by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This Rule requires all water utilities that use surface waters for their source water for drinking water to filter the water before sending it out into the distribution system. Filtration is required to both remove pathogenic microorganisms that might be present and to remove particulates that could interfere with disinfection. Allowances in the SWTR are made for alternative techniques such as membrane filtration and cartridge filtration. The alternate technologies must demonstrate that they are capable of removing 99 percent of particles in the 5-15 pm range and meet a 0.5 NTU turbidity limit.