Dense, Fast, Radiation-Tolerant Fluoro-Hafnate Glass Scintillators forElectromagnetic Calorimeters in High Energy Physics

摘要

Over 200 different compositions of heavy metal fluoride glasses have beenproduced and evaluated as possible candidates for the active medium in homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeters for high energy particles. Promising glasses, based on mixtures containing hafnium fluoride, have densities of 6 g/cubic cm, radiation lengths of 1.6 cm, and good optical transmission from the UV to the IR. Glasses containing the C3(3+) ion are fast scintillators, with properties similar to those of pure cerium fluoride crystal. The authors have made glasses which have up to 14% of the light yield of CeF3, fast scintillation characterized by typical exponential decay constants of 10 ns and 25 ns. The authors have carried out a detailed investigation of the effects of gamma irradiation (up to doses of 6 kGy) on the optical transmission, and systematic studies into the role of indium and other elements on radiation tolerance and light yield.