Effects of Land Use and Geohydrology on the Quality of Shallow Ground Water in Two Agricultural Areas in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin

摘要

The report describes land use and geohydrologic effects (mainly differences in texture of surficial deposits) on the quality of shallow ground water in two agricultural areas in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages NAWQA study unit. Land use, including nutrient and pesticide applications rates, is described using historical land use and land cover and application-rate information, and the results of a questionnaire sent to land owners who participated in the land-use studies. The source of the sampled ground water is described using hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and the age of the sampled water was estimated from tritium and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The water-quality description includes major ions, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 85 pesticides and soil metabolites, 60 volatile organics compounds (VOCs), and uranium, as well as field measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen.