Mitigation between Regional Transportation Needs and Preservation of EelgrassBeds. (Volume 1)

摘要

The objectives of the study are to understand effects of ferry terminals andferry operations on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows in Puget Sound and to design appropriate measures to avoid, minimize, and compensate for associated impacts. The studies have shown that eelgrass meadows near ferry terminals are affected by light reduction and other initial and long-term disturbances associated with terminal constructin and maintenance, propeller wash, and bioturbation by macroinvertebrates (e.g., sea stars and Dungeness crab). Technological measures to mitigate impacts showed that concrete blocks with clear plastic centers, reflective material placed under terminals, and artificial lighting could all enhance light under the terminals. Restoration of damaged meadows adjacent to the terminals is proposed as a viable alternative for mitigating impacts from terminal expansion.