Strength Criteria for Cast-Iron Items in Highway Drainage Structures

摘要

In modern foundries, manufacture of cast-iron objects for draingage structures(manhole covers, drainage grates, etc.) has been automated, with improved techniques and equipment enabling manufacturers to cast these items to closer dimensional tolerances, thus reducing wall thicknesses and overall weights without sacrificing durability or performance. Because their cost is generally proportional to weight, lighter items thus may result in significant savings.