U.S. and Allied Wartime and Postwar Relations and Negotiations with Argentina,Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey on Looted Gold and German External Assets and U.S. Concerns about the Fate of the Wartime Ustasha Treasury

摘要

This supplementary report supports and builds on the conclusions reached in thepreliminary report. When considered together, the two studies provide a comprehensive view from the U.S. perspective of the part of the neutrals played in the systematic financing and acquisition of materials vital to the German war effort. The looted gold received mostly by Switzerland was either exchanged for currency or used directly to finance Germany's purchases of essential materials for its war machine: wolfram from Portugal and Spain; ball-bearings and iron ore from Sweden; and chromite ore from Turkey. Each of these countries, in its own way, played an important part in the structure of the German war economy. The two studies considered together also provide a more nuanced view than the authors' inital study alone of the variety of forms neutrality took during World War II.