Simulation of Effects of Wastewater Discharges on Sand Creek and Lower Caddo211 Creek Near Ardmore, Oklahoma

摘要

A streamflow and water-quality model was developed for reaches of Sand and Caddo211u001eCreeks in south-central Oklahoma to simulate the effect of wastewater discharge 211u001efrom a refinery and a municipal treatment plant. The purpose of the model was to 211u001estimulate conditions during low streamflow when the conditions controlling 211u001edissolved-oxygen concentrations are most severe. Data collected to calibrate and 211u001everify the streamflow and water-quality model include continuously monitored 211u001estreamflow and water-quality data at two gaging stations and three temporary 211u001emonitoring stations; wastewater discharge from two wastewater plants; two sets 211u001eeach of five water-quality samples at nine sites during a 24-hour period; dye and 211u001epropane samples; periphyton samples; and sediment oxygen demand measurements. The 211u001ewater-quality sampling, at a 6-hour frequency, was based on a Lagrangian 211u001ereference frame in which the same volume of water was sampled at each site.