Revised Recovery Plan for Macfarlane's Four-O'Clock ('Mirabilis macfarlanei').

摘要

Mirabilis macfarlanei (MacFarlane's four-oclock) was originally listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1979. At the time of listing, only 3 populations were known, with a total of 20 to 25 individual plants. The species was threatened by several factors, including trampling, collecting, livestock grazing, disease, and insect damage (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1979). Listing did not include critical habitat. We developed a recovery plan for this species in 1985 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). In summary, the 1985 recovery plan called for: (1) conducting additional field surveys, (2) protecting M. macfarlanei sites and developing management plans, (3) conducting baseline studies to identify limiting factors and determine threats, (4) establishing new colonies, and (5) maintaining a propagule bank.