Prevention and Control of Meningococcal Disease and Meningococcal Disease andCollege Students. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 49, No. RR-7, June 30, 2000

摘要

This report summarizes and updates an earlier published statement issued by theAdvisory Committee on Immunization Practices concerning the control and prevention of meningococcal disease (MMWR 1997:46(No. RR-5):121) and provides updated recommendations regarding the use of meningococcal vaccine. Each year, 2,4003,000 cases of meningococcal disease occur in the United States, resulting in a rate of 0.81.3 per 100,000 population ( 13). The case-fatality ratio for meningococcal disease is 10% ( 2), despite the continued sensitivity of meningococcus to many antibiotics, including penicillin ( 4). Meningococcal disease also causes substantial morbidity: 11%-19% of survivors have sequelae (e.g., neurologic disability, limb loss, and hearing loss (5,6)). During 1991-1998, the highest rate of meningococcal disease occurred among infants aged <1 year; however, the rate for persons aged 18-23 years was also higher than that for the general population (1.4 per 100,000) (CDC, National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance, unpublished data).