Phylogenetic Study of the Neotropical Fish Genera 'Creagrutus' Gunther and'Piabina' Reinhardt (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes), with a Revision of the Cis-Andean Species

摘要

Creagrutus Gunther (1864) and Piabina Reinhardt (1867) are diagnosed as amonophyletic assemblage on the basis of synapomorphies in various osteological and soft anatomical systems. Synapomorphies in a subset of these systems diagnose each genus and partially resolve the intrageneric phylogney within Creagrutus. Piabina was found to be nonmonophyletic as previously constituted and is restricted herein to its type species, P. argentea Reinhardt (1867). Creagrudite Myers (1927) and Creagutops Schultz (1944) share the characteristics diagnostic for Creagrutus and are considered junior synonyms of that genus in order to make Creagrutus monophyletic. Piabarchus Myers (1928), based on a species originally described in Piabina, was found to lack the derived features of the Creagrutus-Piabina lineage. A total of 64 species are recognized in Creagrutus (including 37 new species), 56 of which occur east of the Andean Cordilleras and are reviewed in this paper. The number of Creagrutus species herein recognized represents 337% of the number of species considered valid prior to Harold and Vari (1994).