HIV/AIDS Surveillance Supplemental Report. Volume 13, Number 4. Enhanced Perinatal Surveillance. Participating Areas in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2000-2003

摘要

In February 1994, the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group Protocol 076 demonstrated that zidovudine (ZDV) could reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission from 25% to 8%. As a result, a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) task force issued recommendations in August 1994 for the use of ZDV to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. These guidelines were updated in July 2008 and include treatment options for HIV-infected pregnant women and for infants born to HIV-infected women. The guidelines also include recommendations for the medical monitoring of pregnant women and of infants who receive ZDV. In July 1995, the USPHS published recommendations for HIV counseling and voluntary testing for all pregnant women, which include advice to health care professionals on educating women about the importance of knowing their HIV status and the steps to preventing mother-to-child transmission. Revised recommendations for HIV testing for adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in healthcare settings were published in 2006. The 2006 HIV testing recommendations seek to provide more opportunities for pregnant women to be tested for HIV. The recommendations were revised to include the following: HIV screening as part of the routine panel screening for all pregnant women unless they decline; repeat HIV testing during the third trimester in areas with high HIV or AIDS incidence and in facilities with one or more cases per 1,000 of HIV in pregnant women diagnosed in a year; and rapid HIV testing during delivery for all pregnant women without documented HIV test results.