Karst Features and Hydrogeology in West-Central Florida: A Field Perspective

摘要

Karst features in west-central Florida play a dominant role in the hydrogeologic framework of the region. Urban development in karst regions present unique problems for land- and water-resource managers and can potentially impact both land and water resources if not managed adequately. Understanding how karst features control groundwater flow and respond to varying hydrologic conditions is critical for effective long-term planning and resource management. This field guide highlights the karst features of west-central Florida and the geologic units of the region that define the hydrogeologic framework and influence ground-water flow and transport. The four field trip stops include: (1) an active limestone quarry where the representative carbonate units can be seen in cross section; (2) a dry cave system that intersects land surface showing where dissolution activity has created cavities that range from subterranean conduits to large caverns; (3) Chassahowitzka Springs, a coastal spring complex, where flooded karst features form spring vents, fissures, and highly-eroded limestone at or near land surface; and (4) Health Springs, a coastal spring located 2,500 feet down gradient from a golf course and waste-water treatment plant with a spray-effluent facility. At Health Springs, the existence of a preferential ground-water flow path was documented by timing the movement of artificially dyed ground water between a well in the spray field and the spring. Ground water from the upgradient area has impacted the spring by increasing nitrate concentrations above background levels. These stops provide an opportunity to examine various karst features typical of Florida, especially in the context of their susceptibility to impact from land- and water-resource development activities.