Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies (ACAT) Program - Final Report of the Honda-DRI Team, Volume VI: Appendix R (Part 1 of 2)

摘要

The Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies (ACAT) program initiated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration had two major objectives. These are to develop a standardized Safety Impact Methodology (SIM) tool to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced technologies in mitigating specific types of vehicle crash avoidance crashes; and to develop and demonstrate objective tests that are used in the SIM to verify the safety impact of a real system. Honda and Dynamic Research Inc. (DRI) had been developing and applying such a SIM for several years and DRI with Honda's support entered into a Cooperative Agreement with NHTSA to extend the existing SIM, which provides an estimate of full systems safety benefits at the US level. Objective tests that produce quantifiable, repeatable and reproducible results were developed to ensure that a crash avoidance countermeasure meets system performance specifications, and that the results are directly linked to the safety needs and sample of technology-relevant crashes being addressed. The objective tests, which are based on dynamic reconstructions of a sub-sample of technology-relevant real crashes, include Track tests with an expert driver using automatically guided soft targets (GSTs) of an automobile and of a pedestrian; and Driving Simulator tests with a jury of 12 typical drivers, in order to evaluate driver-vehicle system response and to measure the driver's and vehicle's response characteristics to system warnings and interventions. Results from the objective tests were used to parameterize, calibrate and validate the SIM tool, which was then used to estimate US-level benefits. The delivered SIM tool includes modules for automated reconstruction of conflict and crash scenarios from available databases; definition and sampling of Technology Relevant Crash Types; dynamic simulations involving a human-vehicle-device-environmental model; and an overall safety effects estimator. An example application of the extended SIM tool and developed objective tests involved evaluation of Hondas prototype Advanced Collision Mitigation Brake System (A-CMBS).