Technical, Intelligence, and Project Information System for the Environmental Health Service. Volume III. Lead Model Case Study

摘要

The lead model case study was undertaken to serve as a working example and to evaluate the technical, intelligence, and project information system under consideration for EHS. Occurrence and use patterns for lead within the U.S. were examined. The major categories of uses in decreasing order were production of storage batteries and accessories, gasoline antiknock additives, pigments, ammunition, solder, cable covering, and caulking lead. Leaded fuels are the major source of environmental lead. Pediatric plumbism, the most significant acute health problem, arises from lead used as a pigment. The economic aspects of this problem area were investigated. While lead is very slowly absorbed from environmental sources, its gradual accumulation in the body is the basis for progressive toxicity. Additional research is required to determine the chronic effects of lead in the environment on health, and better diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are needed in support of this research. A mathematical model was developed to represent the environmental transport of the stressor lead from several sources with the subsequent intake of lead by man. This model can be used to assess the impact of contemplated actions on lead body burdens, to define R and D requirements, and to identify the needs and locations for monitoring and surveillance. A categorized bibliography for lead is included. (Author)