The Analysis of High Alloy Steels by X-Ray Fluorescence Using a Correction Factor Technique

摘要

A systematic study of the X-ray fluorescence intensity versus chemical analysis was carried out on a series of binary alloys of iron and tungsten (0-30%), molybdenum (0-12%), nickel (0-30%), cobalt (0-25%), manganese (0-15%) and chromium (0-25%). It is shown that there is a simple hyperbolic relationship between concentration and X-ray intensity which can be expressed by three constants representing the background, the intensity from the pure element and the departure from linearity of the binary system. Using these constants, a set of ternary alloys centred about the 18% Cr, 8% Ni composition was studied and the results were shown to be represented by hyperbolic interpolation between the binary end-members. This enabled a fourth coefficient to be obtained which measures the effect of replacing iron by the third element. A comparison was made with other methods of correction in ternary systems. A series of alloys was then investigated where additions of Mo (1-5%) or Nb (1-2%) or Ti (1-2%) were made to the 18/8 composition and this enabled calibration curves for molybdenum, niobium and titanium to be established as well as giving the coefficients which measured the effect of replacing some of the matrix by molybdenum, niobium and titanium. The results show the validity of the approach, i.e., of building up the effects of complex alloys via binary, ternary and quaternary systems, and they indicate how the composition should be varied to obtain the coefficients for any steel qualities. (Author)