Study of Hazards from Burning Apparel and the Relations of Hazards to Test Methods.

摘要

This experimental and analytical program has been carried out to predict the fabric ignition time as a function of exposure parameters and fabric properties. The ignition times of a selected set of cotton,nylon,polyester and acetate fabrics and blends were measured at well defined exposure and fabric conditions. The thermophysical properties which characterize the ignition process were also measured. These properties are the thermal conductance,the specific heat,the mass per unit area,the ignition or melting temperature,further the optical properties,namely infrared reflectance and transmittance,and the reaction kinetic parameters activation energy,pre-exponential factor and reaction enthalpy. In addition,the characterization of exposure conditions requires the measurement of the convective heat transfer film coefficients,for forced convection during gas flame ignition and for free convection losses during radiative heating. Fabric ignition time is predicted as a function of fabric properties and exposure conditions. The complete modeling analysis for the prediction of fabric ignition time was extended to include desorption and gasification processes. Partial modeling rules are discussed. Modeling experiments are specified which are required to predict ignition time.