Comparison Between the Measured and Calculated Spectral Characteristics of Shortwave Radiation in the Free Atmosphere Over the Desert (From the Data of the CAENEX-70 Expeditions).

摘要

This report summarizes the results of a joint Soviet/American exchange program (Complex Atmospheric Energetics Experiment) to compare calculations with observations in the real atmosphere for determination and study of diabatic processes that are important for tropospheric energetics. Complete spectral measurements of the radiation field and aerosol optical properties under turbid conditions have been supplied. Using these data,radiative transfer calculations have been performed in order to provide an independent check on the accuracy of previous measurements as well as provide recommendations for improved observations. The effect of a small amount of highly absorbing material,such as hematite,upon the radiation field has been demonstrated. Theoretical results indicate (1) that the effects of variations of the solar zenith angle during observations is not an important consideration, (2) that variations of surface albedo do not contribute significantly to the radiation fields in highly turbid conditions, (3) that ozone absorption variations are not important in the troposphere,and (4) that variations in the size distribution with height were surprisingly ineffective in determining radiation fluxes. Extensive data are presented giving spectral shortwave radiation flux and flux divergence values as a function of height in the atmosphere.