The System of Financing Research and Development in the United States

摘要

The study is a basic survey of the U.S. system of financing research and development (R&D). It includes descriptions and definitions of the concept of R&D in the United States and its boundaries with respect to other activities; the classes of organizations performing R&D; a discussion of the planning of R&D funding allocations; discussion of review and expenditure control procedures in dealing with R&D performers; a discussion of the major cost components of R&D; a description of R&D financing mechanisms; and a discussion of issues in assessing the effectiveness of R&D. In addition to the above aspects of financing R&D in the United States, the report includes a discussion of problems inherent in comparing U.S. financing of R&D with that of the Soviet Union.