Benzidine Derived Dyes and/or Pigments.

摘要

The report investigated the route of exposure of consumers to benzidine through association with benzidine derived dyes and the degree of risk posed by such exposure. It includes chemical information on ten of the most common dyes and economic data on U.S. and foreign production as well as forms of consumption. Environmental considerations and pertinent government regulations are discussed. A comprehension toxicological section considers the findings regarding benzidine derived dyes and pigments and reviews the toxicity of benzidine itself. In absence of epidemiological studies on benzidine dyes and pigments indication of its human carcinogenic risk is extrapolated from animal studies and the demonstration of metabolism of certain of these dyes to benzidine. While exposure to consumers can occur by oral,topical or inhalation routes,additional work is required to determine if this reached levels sufficient to risk carcinogenicity.