Design and Construction Standards for Residential Buildings in Coastal High Hazard Areas. Report of Current Practice

摘要

Current practices are reported regarding design and construction standards for residential building in coastal high hazard areas. The task for this report consisted of (1) delineating sites susceptible to storm wave action, with a history of storm damage, and where local officials have a knowledge of past and present building practices and of the National Flood Insurance Program, and (2) inspecting selected sites along various sections of the U.S. coastline. For regional investigation, the U.S. was divided into the North Atlantic Coast, South Atlantic Coast, Gulf Coast, Pacific Coast, and Hawaiian Coast. Data were collected from interviews with government personnel, consultants familiar with the areas, and individuals concerned with design and construction in the coastal zone, and from site visits. Although geographic areas provide unique experiences, many basic factors thread through them all: (1) an area does not develop the necessary codes, regulations, and techniques required to resist damage from coastal storms until one such storm has a severe local impact; (2) a key element in all attempts to resist coastal flooding damage has been the trend toward deep foundations which penetrate below anticipated erosion elevations; and (3) the main structural element is the integration of the roof, framing, and foundation system into one unit. These items were observed in various stages of development along the coastlines with the most sophisticated structures being found in the areas where storms have been more frequent and intense -- the South Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Building codes and guidelines must be developed to implement and enforce new design and construction techniques, which integrate the requirements of zoning ordinances, Federal Insurance Administration flood - proofing guidelines, and local planning documents. Study data, maps, figures illustrating structures studied, references, and the survey instrument are provided.