Maximum Utilization of Water Resources in a Planned Community - Chlorine and Ozone Toxicity Evaluation

摘要

To ensure adequate water quality for impoundments receiving disinfected wastewater in The Woodlands, Texas the following experiments were conducted. Using fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus the 96 hour LC50 for chlorine is 0.07 mg/l (total chlorine) and 0.03 mg/l for ozone in flow through bioassays. Chlorine and ozone exposures had little effect on kidney functions. Exposure to both chlorine and ozone drastically reduced the ability of the gills to actively absorb sodium from the water. Long term exposure to chlorine drastically reduced both blood pressure and heart rate while exposure to ozone had little, if any, effect. Blood pressure and heart rate are very sensitive physiological parameters and changes are indicative of a stressful environment. Both chlorine and ozone are extremely toxic to fish at low levels. If detected in receiving waters by present analytical techniques, a toxic condition exists.