Pollutants from Synthetic Fuels Production: Sampling and Analysis Methods for Coal Gasification

摘要

The report describes sampling and analysis methods involving a laboratory-scale coal gasification facility used to study the generation, sampling, chemical analysis, process evaluation, and environmental assessment of pollutants from coal gasification. It describes methods for particulates, organic condensibles, and vapors or gases in the raw product stream of the gasifier as well as for solid residues. It describes gas chromatography (GC) procedures for measuring fixed gases, Cl-C5 hydrocarbons, sulfur gases, and C6-C8 aromatics. Atomic adsorption (AA) procedures for measuring toxic trace elements include those for arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury. Volatile organics are collected from the gas stream using polymeric sorbents (Tenax GC and XAD-2), and analyzed by glass capillary GC/mass spectrometry (MS). The major nonvolatile byproduct (tar) is prefractionated by solvent partitioning into acid, base, and neutral fractions. Each fraction is analyzed by capillary GC/MS or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Typical results are given to illustrate the nature of the compounds studied, the methodologies, and their sensitivities.