The Transfer of Technology by Multinational Enterprises: A Summary of Three Studies

摘要

The process of transferring technology across national borders by multinational enterprises is explored. The studies focus on the transfer of manufacturing technology through licensing; the choice of technology in investments in developing countries; and the development of a computer model to optimize foreign investment location and intercompany trade decisions. The first study examines reasons why multinational enterprises license abroad, licensing to supplementary foreign investment, and licensing for reciprocity. Two industries, textile and pulp and paper, were selected for the second study. Research methodology, including alternative technologies and procedures used to determine choices, is discussed. The third study describes the development of a model of international investment planning, presenting both company and government points of view. Findings are summarized for each study. General implications for governments interested in increasing benefits from foreign direct investment and licensing are suggested.