Evaluation of Membrane Processes and Their Role in Wastewater Reclamation. Volume 3-A

摘要

Water Factory 21 in Orange County, California, is a 15 mgd advanced wastewater treatment plant designed to reclaim biologically treated municipal wastewater for injection into a seawater barrier system. Processes included are lime treatment, air stripping, filtration, activated carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis, and chlorination. This study was undertaken because of increasing interest in the use of reclaimed water to augment domestic water supplies. This report presents operating data from Water Factory 21, collected during the final year of a three-year project. The effectiveness of each treatment process is presented, with emphasis on several advanced wastewater treatment processes, including demineralization, ultrafiltration, and electrodialysis. Biological fouling of reverse osmosis membranes was investigated and the foulant material was found to be composed of several layers of attached bacterial cells. The cost of advanced wastewater treatment at Water Factory 21 is $1,139 per million gallons. The cost of wastewater demineralization by reverse osmosis is $836 per million gallons. These costs include all operation and maintenance as well as amortization of capital.