The Importance of Satisfactory Positioning, Diving and Mapping Systems, Suitable for Exploration and Transportation in Icecovered Sea Areas

摘要

In an introductory chapter (1) the author presents a general view of the remarkable evolution of the remote sensing technique during the last decades, all of great importance for operations in more or less ice-covered sea areas, especially at the exploration of natural resources, such as oil, gas and minerals, and at surface shipping as well as under-ice navigation. In all cases the best possible position-fixing and a true knowledge of the bathymetry and prevailing ice conditions are necessary. Also included in the report are chapters on: Exploration of the Arctic Ocean; Underwater Pingoes, Offshore Permafrost and Ground Ice; and Underwater Technology.