Masculinity, Femininity, and Achievement Motivation

摘要

Research covered two interrelated topics: (1) Measures of gender-related traits. Certain clusters of personality traits have beeN identified by a number of psychological theorists as cardinal principles differentiating men and women and shaping the divisions of labor (sex-roles) human societies have devised. (2) Achievemement and achievement motives. Achievement behaviors in several selected populations (e.g., scientists) and a number of demographic and personality factors that might contribute to successful attainment within each sex and to attainment differences between the sexes were studied. Second, a children's version of the achievement motivation instrument and to relate this measure to children's performance on standardized achievement test, on the one hand, and to parental attitudes and childrearing practices on the other was devised.