Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances. Volume 3. Methods for Assessing Exposure from Disposal of Chemical Substances

摘要

The report, which is part of a series of volumes on exposure assessment, presents methods for estimating environmental releases of chemical substances from disposal sites. These release estimates must be used in conjunction with procedures given in Volume 2 (ambient exposure category) and Volume 5 (drinking water exposure category) in order to complete the exposure assessment. A five-stage methodological framework outlines the major steps that must be taken in order to estimate releases from disposal by landfilling, land treatment, surface impoundment, municipal wastewater treatment, incineration, and deep-well injection. The methods are applicable to chemical substances in all of the following waste categories: municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste (hazardous and nonhazardous), municipal wastewater, wastewater treatment sludges, and incinerator residues. The report provides guidance on information resources useful in completing each step and also discusses data gaps and limitations in predictive capability. Sample data and summaries of information resources are included in appendices.