Management Guidelines for Increasing Populations of Birds That Feed on Western Spruce Budworm

摘要

In 1977, the United States Department of Agriculture and the Canadian Department of the Environment agreed to cooperate in an expanded and accelerated research and development effort, the Canada/United States Spruce Budworms Program (CANUSA), aimed at the spruce budworm in the East and the western spruce budworm in the West. The objective of CANUSA was to design and evaluate strategies for controlling the spruce budworms and managing budworm-susceptible forests to help forest managers attain their objectives in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner. The manual is one in a series on the western spruce budworm.