Policy Guidelines for the Control of Environmental Pollution in Urban Areas of Developing Countries

摘要

These guidelines represent an attempt to fill a perceived gap in the literature relating to the control of environmental pollution in urban areas of developing countries. The guidelines are primarily addressed to policy-makers (politicians and senior managers) with responsibilities for managing and controlling pollution in urban areas, and are therefore focussed on key policy, planning and decision-making issues. Hitherto, much of the literature on urban pollution control has been concerned with technical options for controlling and reducing pollution. While the technical options for pollution control are reviewed and summarized, these guidelines are not intended to provide an exhaustive assessment and comparison of pollution control techniques. The main constraints to reducing and controlling pollution in urban areas of developing countries are no longer technical, but institutional, economic or social in nature. Finally, these guidelines attempt, wherever possible, to illustrate key issues and recommendations by citing experiences in cities of developing countries as there is much to be gained by considering the experiences of others in trying to tackle environmental pollution problems in urban areas.