Effects of Pull-Over on Timber Bridge Falsework Piles

摘要

Questions regarding the effects of pulling over timber bridge false-work piles for bent cap alignment prompted the project. Two groups of timber piles (6 in a soft soil, and another 6 in a firmer soil) were driven, pulled horizontally, and test loaded. Parameters included pile dimensions, driving log data, geometry of initial and pulled positions, amount of pull-over, vertical loading, horizontal loads, modulus of elasticity, and soil types. Test results were utilized to calculate bending and axial stresses. Findings indicated relative value of soil relaxation, combined loading effects, and the soil-pile interaction related to soil type. A computer program for pile shaft analysis was used to compare calculations. A satisfactory relationship of soil type and material properties (E) was established. An empirical formula is developed to evaluate effect of pile pull-over.