Transformations of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds: Oxidation, Reduction, Substitution, and Dehydrohalogenation Reactions Occur Abiotically or in Microbial and Mammalian Systems

摘要

The current understanding of abiotic and biotic chemistry of halogenated aliphatic compounds is systematized and summarized. Knowledge of abiotic transformations can provide a conceptual framework for understanding biologically mediated transformations. Most abiotic transformations are slow, but they can still be significant within the time scales commonly associated with ground-water movement. In contrast, biotic transformations typically proceed much faster, provided that there are sufficient substrate and nutrients and a microbial population that can mediate such transformations. Recent studies, which describe transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds in microbial and mammalian systems, are also discussed.