Developing Guidelines and Standards for Disaster Resilience of the Built Environment: A Research Needs Assessment.

摘要

The term resilience has a number of definitions. With regards to hazard events, it has been defined as the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events. The term resilience is applied to a range of topics that include physical security against terrorism, security screening of people at public venues, continuity in business operations, emergency planning and response for essential services, hazard mitigation, and the capability of the built environment (e.g., facilities, transportation, utilities) to physically resist and rapidly recover from disruptive events. This report addresses the role of the built environment in community resilience. The basic premise is that critical facilities and infrastructure systems (e.g., hospitals, emergency response, power, and transportation) need to be operational and functional during and after a hazard event to support other aspects of community resilience. Additionally, the remaining buildings and infrastructure systems need to be restored within a specified period of time, if damage does occur, to minimize disruption to the community, expenditures for repair and rebuilding, and economic impacts. Resilience of the built environment depends upon the capacity of each facility and infrastructure system, when considered in the context of the community, to maintain acceptable levels of functionality during and after disruptive events and to recover full functionality within a specified period of time.