Sublethal Physiological Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents on Fish: A Literature Review (Subletala Fysiologiska Effekter av Pappersmassaindustriutslaepp pa Fisk: En Litteraturoeversikt)

摘要

The sublethal toxic responses of fish to pulp and paper mill effluents are described. Pulp and paper mill effluents have been shown to disturb several fundamental physiological functions such as respiration and the oxygen transport capacity of the blood and metabolic functions as well as growth and reproduction. Neural lesions and histological changes in several organs and mutagenic effects have also been reported. In recent years, attention has been directed towards toxic effects of effluents from pulp bleaching processes and the possible sublethal effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons.