Mutagenic Screening of Three Dyes for Marker Grenades in the Salmonella Reversion Assay and the L5178Y/TK+/-Mouse Lymphoma Assay

摘要

Dyes are used by the military in M18 marker signaling grenades. The U.S. Army is concerned with evaluating any potential health hazards that might result from personal contact with the dyes in the industrial setting. Three dyes (Solvent Red 1, Disperse Blue 3, and Disperse Red 11) were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella reversion assay and the L5178Y/TK(sup +/-) mouse lymphoma assay. The in vitro assays were performed both with and without exogenous activation provided by Aroclor induced rat liver S-9. In the Salmonella assay, Solvent Red 1 was positive with S-9 activation in strain TA100 and negative to questionably positive in the other strains and activation conditions. Disperse Blue 3 was positive with S-9 activation in strain TA1537 and negative to questionably positive under the other test conditions. Disperse Red 11 was positive with S-9 activation in strain TA102, but negative to weakly positive with the other strains and activation conditions. Both Disperse Blue 3 and Disperse Red 11 were positive both with and without S-9 activation in the mouse lymphoma assay. Solvent Red 1 could not be tested without activation. With S-9 activation, it was weakly positive.